Einthoven with early ECG machine : modern ECG.jpg

Screen Shot 2020-11-16 at 7.06.55 AM.png

Screen Shot 2020-11-20 at 6.47.40 AM.png

source Just after the turn of the century in London, a Scottish physician, James MacKenzie, who had published The Study of the Pulse in 1902, was completing the primal text of cardiovascular medicine, Diseases of the Heart (1908). The m

Screen Shot 2022-07-22 at 7.16.13 AM.png

"Despite its importance in everyday clinical practice, the ability of physicians to interpret electrocardiograms (ECGs) is highly variable. The ECG is sometimes the only and most efficient way of detecting life-threatening conditions, thus

Screen Shot 2021-01-20 at 1.04.35 AM.png

Screen Shot 2021-01-20 at 7.33.12 AM.png

Screen Shot 2021-01-20 at 7.35.08 AM.png

Screen Shot 2020-11-16 at 7.08.34 AM.png

Screen Shot 2020-11-16 at 7.09.26 AM.png

Screen Shot 2021-01-20 at 12.52.07 AM.png

Screen Shot 2021-02-10 at 8.07.57 PM.png

Screen Shot 2020-11-16 at 7.08.50 AM.png

Screen Shot 2021-02-07 at 1.58.31 PM.png

Screen Shot 2021-02-04 at 4.23.18 AM.png

Screen Shot 2020-11-16 at 7.07.56 AM.png

Mason-Likar modification of standard 12 leads in which chest electrodes are placed in the standard positions, but limb electrodes are transposed to the torso to reduce movement artifacts. source

Screen Shot 2021-02-10 at 7.15.50 PM.png

For full review, see link on *physiology* webpage.

Screen Shot 2022-04-04 at 6.56.41 AM.png

Screen Shot 2022-04-04 at 6.57.30 AM.png

Screen Shot 2022-04-04 at 6.57.43 AM.png

Screen Shot 2022-04-04 at 6.58.04 AM.png

Screen Shot 2022-04-04 at 6.58.29 AM.png

Screen Shot 2022-04-04 at 6.58.41 AM.png

Screen Shot 2022-04-04 at 6.59.07 AM.png

link to article excerpt: Despite its importance in everyday clinical practice, the ability of physicians to interpret electrocardiograms (ECGs) is highly variable. … The evidence clearly favors summative trainee evaluation metho

Screen Shot 2021-06-21 at 6.12.32 PM.png

Screen Shot 2021-06-21 at 6.42.46 PM.png

Screen Shot 2022-07-14 at 10.04.52 AM.png

Screen Shot 2021-11-18 at 9.02.49 PM.png

Screen Shot 2022-07-22 at 11.02.23 AM.png

How to Read an ECG: Khan Academy-style Tutorials on ECG Interpretation

Emory ECG Training Site: link “ This website aims to provide the medical community with the opportunity to interpret ECGs in specific contexts. Emory's ECG Training Site provides a more interactive form of studying that is well adapted to var

excellent and extensive interactive resource

Screen Shot 2021-11-03 at 8.55.12 PM.png

Screen Shot 2021-11-03 at 8.55.29 PM.png

Screen+Shot+2021-11-03+at+8.54.46+PM.jpg

Screen Shot 2021-01-20 at 7.36.42 AM.png

Screen Shot 2021-02-11 at 9.32.38 AM.png

Screen Shot 2021-02-10 at 7.16.46 PM.png

See: ECG Wave-Maven - ECG tutorial - Harvard U. - 500+ ECGs with analysis of each

Atrial repolarization wave (Ta wave) is usually not evident on the electrocardiogram (ECG) as it has a low amplitude of hundred to two hundred microvolts and is usually hidden in the QRS complex. [1] It can also extend into the ST segment caus

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias - Tulane University School of Medicine

link to full article Part 1: Cardiac Anatomy - video Part 2: Cardiac Anatomy - video Part 3: Cardiac Anatomy and EKG - video Part 4: Acute MI, EKG, and Anatomy - video

See: ECG library website - UK / New Zealand

sample page from Washington Manual - 36th ed.

Screen Shot 2020-11-16 at 7.12.07 AM.png

Screen Shot 2021-08-01 at 7.40.33 PM.png

Screen Shot 2021-08-01 at 7.40.49 PM.png

Screen Shot 2021-02-07 at 4.34.47 AM.png

source: ecgwaves.com - excellent detailed and illustrated explanations of ECG interpretation and echocardiography

*** In-depth ECG instructional video course with a number of free sample offerings: 1) Introduction and review of anatomic and physiologic basis of ECG recording - 14 min. video 2) Heart Blocks Explained - First, Second, Third De

Screen Shot 2021-02-08 at 4.41.54 AM.png

Screen Shot 2022-04-25 at 10.02.07 AM.png

Screen Shot 2021-02-25 at 8.18.19 PM.png

Screen Shot 2020-11-16 at 7.13.06 AM.png

Screen Shot 2021-01-16 at 5.25.07 PM.png

Screen Shot 2021-01-16 at 5.26.10 PM.png

Screen Shot 2020-12-16 at 10.56.44 AM.png

Excellent self-study review produced by and for Critical Care RNs - updated 2015

Screen Shot 2021-04-07 at 4.15.23 PM.png

Screen Shot 2021-04-07 at 4.12.45 PM.png

Screen Shot 2021-04-07 at 4.12.53 PM.png

Screen Shot 2021-04-07 at 4.21.23 PM.png

Screen Shot 2021-09-18 at 4.57.42 AM.png

Screen Shot 2021-02-04 at 5.34.19 AM.png

Born in Amory, Mississippi, on October 24, 1925, Dr. James was the oldest of five children of Naum and Kata Evanova James. He attended Amory High School. A bout with malaria at the age of 12 aroused his interest in medical research, when a n

Screen Shot 2021-02-04 at 4.46.26 AM.png

Screen Shot 2021-02-04 at 5.32.34 AM.png

link to excellent 11 min. video *** Cardiologists Louis Wolff, John Parkinson, and Paul Dudley White are credited with the definitive description of the disorder in 1930. ***

Screen Shot 2021-03-12 at 7.12.01 PM.png

Screen Shot 2021-02-05 at 3.59.31 AM.png

Screen Shot 2021-09-18 at 4.37.30 AM.png

Screen Shot 2021-01-31 at 3.44.21 PM.png

Screen Shot 2021-02-16 at 8.10.53 AM.png

Screen Shot 2021-01-31 at 3.41.03 PM.png

Screen Shot 2021-02-16 at 8.11.07 AM.png

Screen Shot 2021-01-31 at 11.30.56 AM.png

Screen Shot 2021-01-31 at 11.31.07 AM.png

Screen Shot 2021-01-31 at 11.29.08 AM.png

Screen Shot 2021-01-31 at 3.45.36 PM.png

Screen Shot 2021-02-16 at 8.11.22 AM.png

Screen Shot 2021-01-31 at 11.29.50 AM.png

Screen Shot 2021-01-31 at 4.00.02 PM.png

Screen Shot 2021-02-16 at 8.11.38 AM.png

Screen Shot 2021-01-31 at 11.30.13 AM.png

Screen Shot 2021-06-25 at 9.21.07 PM.png

Screen Shot 2021-06-25 at 9.21.18 PM.png

Screen Shot 2021-06-25 at 9.21.31 PM.png

Screen Shot 2021-06-25 at 9.21.45 PM.png

Screen Shot 2021-06-25 at 9.21.54 PM.png

Screen Shot 2021-02-07 at 4.29.35 AM.png

Atrioventricular Block: 1st, 2nd, and 3rd degree - excerpts from StatPearls link to full StatPage webpage

See: Pacemaker Insertion - Johns Hopkins - description and video

See: Introduction to ECG Interpretation - pdf slideshow - U. of Wisconsin Family Medicine lecture

LVH: ECG diagnostic criteria and explanation

Screen Shot 2020-11-16 at 7.10.49 AM.png

Screen Shot 2020-11-16 at 7.13.50 AM.png

Screen Shot 2020-11-16 at 7.16.52 AM.png

excellent instructional PDF slideshow - North Lake County EMS - Illinois Department of Public Health

Screen Shot 2021-01-30 at 6.01.47 AM.png

Screen Shot 2021-02-01 at 9.21.31 AM.png

Screen Shot 2021-01-30 at 6.03.59 AM.png

Screen Shot 2021-01-30 at 6.02.52 AM.png

Screen Shot 2021-01-30 at 6.02.14 AM.png

Screen Shot 2021-01-30 at 6.03.50 AM.png

Screen Shot 2021-01-30 at 6.02.28 AM.png

Screen Shot 2021-01-30 at 6.03.07 AM.png

Screen Shot 2020-11-16 at 7.14.36 AM.png

Screen Shot 2021-02-01 at 9.34.40 AM.png

Screen Shot 2021-02-01 at 9.22.11 AM.png

Screen Shot 2020-11-16 at 7.14.59 AM.png

Screen Shot 2020-11-16 at 7.15.11 AM.png

Screen Shot 2021-03-25 at 6.24.12 AM.png

Screen Shot 2021-03-25 at 6.24.42 AM.png

ecgwaves.com - excellent illustrated explanations

5-electrode system: used for perioperative and critical care monitoring

Screen Shot 2021-03-24 at 8.31.20 PM.png

Screen Shot 2022-04-17 at 7.41.12 AM.png

Screen Shot 2021-03-25 at 6.14.41 AM.png

Screen Shot 2021-03-24 at 9.04.57 PM.png

Screen Shot 2021-03-12 at 7.16.17 PM.png

Screen Shot 2021-03-12 at 7.16.55 PM.png

Screen Shot 2021-04-29 at 11.28.00 AM.png

Screen Shot 2021-02-08 at 6.36.17 AM.png

Screen Shot 2021-02-04 at 9.44.59 AM.png

Screen Shot 2021-02-05 at 4.42.46 AM.png

Screen Shot 2021-02-04 at 9.28.31 AM.png

Screen Shot 2021-02-04 at 9.39.21 AM.png

Screen Shot 2021-02-04 at 9.25.20 AM.png

Screen Shot 2021-02-05 at 4.47.29 AM.png

Screen Shot 2021-02-05 at 4.49.43 AM.png

Screen Shot 2021-02-05 at 4.41.08 AM.png

Screen Shot 2021-07-09 at 7.08.55 AM.png

Screen Shot 2021-07-09 at 6.49.24 AM.png

In 1876, Dr. Hermann Nothnagel first described the irregular pulse of atrial fibrillation as "delirium cordis". Nothnagel was a student of Rudolf Virchow ( Omnis cellula e cellula : “All cells come from cells.” … see *membrane*

brief video showing developmental anatomy of left atrium

Screen Shot 2021-07-09 at 6.50.22 AM.png

Screen Shot 2021-02-04 at 9.17.43 AM.png

Screen Shot 2021-02-04 at 9.41.37 AM.png

Links to pages on LITFL website: 1st degree AV block 2nd degree AV block - Mobitz 1 (Wenckebach) 2nd degree AV Block - Mobitz 2 3rd degree AV block - Complete Heart Block Left bundle bran

Screen Shot 2021-03-04 at 7.38.17 PM.png

Screen Shot 2021-03-04 at 7.33.31 PM.png

Screen Shot 2021-02-04 at 9.32.37 AM.png

Screen Shot 2021-02-04 at 9.22.17 AM.png

Screen Shot 2021-02-05 at 4.30.23 AM.png

Screen Shot 2021-02-04 at 9.43.47 AM.png

Screen Shot 2021-02-05 at 4.45.35 AM.png

Screen Shot 2021-02-04 at 9.35.51 AM.png

Screen Shot 2022-07-29 at 5.55.15 AM.png

Screen Shot 2022-07-29 at 6.13.11 AM.png

Screen Shot 2022-07-29 at 5.54.27 AM.png

Screen Shot 2022-07-29 at 6.19.05 AM.png

Screen Shot 2021-02-05 at 4.32.47 AM.png

Screen Shot 2021-02-04 at 9.49.31 AM.png

Explanatory webpages on LITFL : VT versus SVT Monomorphic VT Polymorphic VT and Torsades de Pointes VF

Screen Shot 2021-09-10 at 5.34.26 AM.png

Screen Shot 2021-02-04 at 9.46.39 AM.png

Screen Shot 2021-02-04 at 9.37.42 AM.png

Screen Shot 2021-02-04 at 9.31.09 AM.png

Screen Shot 2021-02-04 at 9.19.15 AM.png

Screen Shot 2021-07-30 at 9.41.36 PM.png

source … and further discussion of ECG abnormalities associated with intracranial events

Screen Shot 2021-07-30 at 9.43.50 PM.png

Screen Shot 2021-07-30 at 10.01.53 PM.png

Screen Shot 2021-07-30 at 9.41.49 PM.png

Screen Shot 2021-07-30 at 8.57.53 PM.png

Screen Shot 2021-07-30 at 9.02.46 PM.png

exercise stress test with echo imaging (stress echo) - 4 min. video source A stress echocardiogram is an imaging stress test that evaluates the functioning of the heart at rest and with exertion , comparing ultrasound images

Screen Shot 2021-08-27 at 12.30.20 PM.png

Screen Shot 2021-07-30 at 8.33.02 PM.png

See: ECG Library - LITFL - ECG Library Basics - excellent interactive website

prev / next

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241

· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·

* -> TO INDEX PAGE 1 <- *

* -> TO INDEX PAGE 2 <- *

* -> TO INDEX PAGE 3 <- *

* -> TO INDEX PAGE 4 <- *

* -> TO INDEX PAGE 5 <- *

* visitor's guide *

primary webpage: seeing

secondary webpage: marrow

annotated list of webpages: * annotated *

“Whenever I discovered something which was noteworthy,

I have felt it my duty to put down what I had discovered,

in order that it would become known to the educated world.”

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

Letter of June 12, 1716

… see: microscope

“Sharing knowledge is the the greatest of all callings.

There is nothing like it in the land".”

The Instruction of Dua-Khety

… to his son, as he entered scribe school c. 2000 BC, Egypt - Middle Kingdom

… see: seeing

navigation

.

explanation of website design

* annotated index of selected webpages *

list of essays

list of external links